GPU commands
linux
# 查看主机接口
lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0a2b Intel Corp. Bluetooth wireless interface
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 1058:25ee Western Digital Technologies, Inc. My Book 25EE
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
#
lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 05)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6th-10th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 05)
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x8) (rev 05)
00:01.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x4) (rev 05)
00:02.0 Display controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 630 (rev 04)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 31)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Thermal Subsystem (rev 31)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 31)
00:15.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Serial IO I2C Controller #1 (rev 31)
00:15.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Serial IO I2C Controller #2 (rev 31)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 31)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 (rev f1)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f1)
00:1d.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #13 (rev f1)
00:1e.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Serial IO UART #0 (rev 31)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM175 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation CM238 HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus (rev 31)
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM (rev 31)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Polaris 22 XT [Radeon RX Vega M GH] (rev c0)
01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Polaris 22 HDMI Audio
02:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
03:00.0 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller (rev 01)
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
06:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 (rev 78)
07:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
08:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
08:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
08:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
08:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
3d:00.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] (rev 02)
72:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM981/PM981/PM983
73:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM981/PM981/PM983
# 安装工具（Debian/Ubuntu）
sudo apt install pciutils
# 安装工具（RHEL/CentOS/Fedora）
sudo dnf install pciutils
# 查看所有显卡信息
lspci | grep -E "VGA|3D controller"
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Polaris 22 XT [Radeon RX Vega M GH] (rev c0)
# 查看硬件信息
sudo apt install lshw # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo dnf install lshw # RHEL/CentOS
# 查看显卡详细信息
sudo lshw -C display
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Polaris 22 XT [Radeon RX Vega M GH]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
logical name: /dev/fb0
version: c0
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
configuration: depth=32 driver=amdgpu latency=0 mode=1920x1080 resolution=1920,1080 visual=truecolor xres=1920 yres=1080
resources: iomemory:200-1ff iomemory:210-20f irq:186 memory:2000000000-20ffffffff memory:2100000000-21001fffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:db500000-db53ffff memory:c0000-dffff
*-display
description: Display controller
product: HD Graphics 630
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: iomemory:2f0-2ef iomemory:2f0-2ef irq:185 memory:2ffe000000-2ffeffffff memory:2fa0000000-2fafffffff ioport:f000(size=64)
# 查看内存详细信息（含DDR型号）
sudo dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 3.5
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.1.1 present.
Handle 0x002F, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 2
Handle 0x0030, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x002F
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16 GB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: None
Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0
Bank Locator: BANK 0
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered)
Speed: 2667 MT/s
Manufacturer: Samsung
Serial Number: 37385824
Asset Tag: 9876543210
Part Number: M471A2K43CB1-CTD
Rank: 2
Configured Memory Speed: 2667 MT/s
Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V
Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V
Configured Voltage: 1.2 V
Handle 0x0031, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x002F
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16 GB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: None
Locator: ChannelB-DIMM0
Bank Locator: BANK 2
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered)
Speed: 2667 MT/s
Manufacturer: Samsung
Serial Number: 37385598
Asset Tag: 9876543210
Part Number: M471A2K43CB1-CTD
Rank: 2
Configured Memory Speed: 2667 MT/s
Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V
Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V
Configured Voltage: 1.2 V
# 精简输出，只提取关键内存信息（DDR型号+容量+频率）
sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -E 'Type:|Size:|Speed:|Manufacturer:'
Error Correction Type: None
Size: 16 GB
Type: DDR4
Speed: 2667 MT/s
Manufacturer: Samsung
Configured Memory Speed: 2667 MT/s
Size: 16 GB
Type: DDR4
Speed: 2667 MT/s
Manufacturer: Samsung
Configured Memory Speed: 2667 MT/s
# 可视化硬件信息
sudo lshw -short -C memory
H/W path Device Class Description
=================================================================
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/2f memory 32GiB System Memory
/0/2f/0 memory 16GiB SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2667 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/2f/1 memory 16GiB SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2667 MHz (0.4 ns)
/0/34 memory 256KiB L1 cache
/0/35 memory 1MiB L2 cache
/0/36 memory 8MiB L3 cache
/0/100/1f.2 memory Memory controller
NVIDIA 显卡专用命令
# 基础查看
nvidia-smi
# 实时监控（每秒刷新一次）
watch -n 1 nvidia-smi
# 输出包含 GPU 编号、显存占用、进程信息、驱动版本、CUDA 版本等关键数据。
# 安装
sudo apt install nvtop # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo dnf install nvtop # RHEL/CentOS
# 运行
nvtop
AMD 显卡专用命令
# 安装 实时监控 AMD 显卡的使用率、显存、温度等
sudo apt install radeontop # Debian/Ubuntu
# 运行
sudo radeontop
Collecting data, please wait....
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