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Kubenetes install

Docker Desktop

Including a local Kubernetes cluster for Docker users. Enable kubenetes in settings curl.exe -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.29.2/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe" & add path to env kubectl config current-context // view current kubenetes cluster

Minikube

Single- and multi-node local Kubernetes cluster, recommended for a learning environment deployed on a single host.

minikube command reference

minikube start -p minikube
minikube status
minikube version
minikube stop
minikube profile list
minikube node list -p minikube
minikube delete -p minikube
minikube addons list
minikube addons enable ingress

## customize the VM isolation driver, container runtime, profile name
minikube start --kubernetes-version=v1.23.3 \
--driver=podman --profile minipod

minikube start --nodes=2 --kubernetes-version=v1.24.4 \
--driver=docker --profile doubledocker

minikube start --driver=virtualbox --nodes=3 --disk-size=10g \
--cpus=2 --memory=4g --kubernetes-version=v1.25.1 --cni=calico \
--container-runtime=cri-o -p multivbox

minikube start --driver=docker --cpus=6 --memory=8g \
--kubernetes-version="1.24.4" -p largedock

minikube start --driver=virtualbox -n 3 --container-runtime=containerd \
--cni=calico -p minibox

## Completion is a helpful post installation configuration to enable the minikube command to respond to typical auto-completion mechanisms
sudo apt install bash-completion

source /etc/bash_completion

source <(minikube completion bash)

# If needed, also run the following command:s
minikube completion bash

Creating a Kubernetes (K8s) cluster with two computers involves several steps. Below is a general procedure to set up a basic Kubernetes cluster using two nodes. In this example, we'll refer to the two computers as Node1 and Node2.

Prerequisites:

Two computers with a compatible Linux distribution (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS) installed.
Docker installed on both computers.
Swap disabled on both computers.

Procedure:

Install kubectl: Install kubectl on both Node1 and Node2. Kubectl is the command-line tool for interacting with a Kubernetes cluster.

   # On Ubuntu
   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubectl

   # On CentOS
   sudo yum install -y kubectl

Install kubeadm, kubelet, and kubectl: Install Kubernetes components on both Node1 and Node2.

   # On both nodes
   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
   sudo curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
   sudo echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
   sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl  # Avoid automatic updates

Initialize the master node (Node1): On Node1, run the following command to initialize the Kubernetes master.

   sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

After the initialization is complete, follow the on-screen instructions to copy the kubeadm join command.

Configure kubectl on the master node: On Node1, set up the kubeconfig file for kubectl.

   mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
   sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
   sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Install a network plugin: Choose a network plugin that suits your needs. In this example, we'll use Calico.

   kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.18/manifests/calico.yaml

Join the worker node (Node2) to the cluster: On Node2, run the kubeadm join command obtained from the master node initialization step.

   sudo kubeadm join <master-node-ip>:<master-node-port> --token <token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

Replace <master-node-ip>, <master-node-port>, <token>, and <hash> with the values specific to your setup.

Verify the cluster: On Node1, run the following command to verify that both nodes are part of the cluster.

   kubectl get nodes

Both nodes should be in the Ready state.

Congratulations! You now have a basic Kubernetes cluster with two computers. Keep in mind that this is a simplified setup, and in a production environment, you may need to consider additional configurations and security measures.

Build a kubenetes cluster

# master 1 VM, slave 1 VM, slave 2 VM
# turn off swap
sudo swapoff -a
# edit /etc/fstab comment out swap line
sudo vim /etc/fstab
# install docker
sudo apt install docker.io -y
sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl -y
# add repository key
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add
sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install kubeadm kubelet kubectl kubenetes-cni -y

# exec following line only on master node
# there will be `kubeadmin join link after command finishes`, copy and paste
# to the other slave VM
sudo kubeadm init

# on slate VM, execute
kubeadm join <ip:port> --token <string> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha:256:<string>

# on master 1
kubectl get nodes
# The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes
# NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE      VERSION
# master    NotReady control-plane  9m21s v1.24.3
# slave1    NotReady <none>   2m1s     v1.24.3
# slave2    NotReady <none>   114s     v1.24.3

# deploy network config
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/mainifests/calico.yaml
# NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE      VERSION
# master    Ready    control-plane  22m v1.24.3
# slave1    Ready    <none>   14m     v1.24.3
# slave2    Ready    <none>   14m     v1.24.3

## ingress-nginx
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v1.10.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml

kubectl -n ingress-nginx get pod -o yaml
kubectl get service ingress-nginx-controller --namespace=ingress-nginx

## https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/

国内环境 Kubernetes 集群搭建指南

Linux 节点：Ubuntu 24.04 LTS，2 核 4G 以上，开放所有端口
Windows 节点：Windows 11 Pro/Enterprise，启用 Hyper-V/WSL2，16G 内存以上

Linux node

基础环境设置

# 更新系统
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# 关闭防火墙
sudo ufw disable

# 关闭swap分区
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab

# 设置系统参数
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system

安装容器运行时（Containerd）

# 添加Docker源
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 安装Containerd
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y containerd.io

# 配置Containerd使用systemd cgroup驱动
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

# 修改配置使用systemd cgroup和国内镜像
sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
sudo sed -i 's|registry.k8s.io|registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers|g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

# 添加Docker中国镜像
cat <<EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
    endpoint = ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
EOF

# 重启Containerd
sudo systemctl restart containerd
sudo systemctl enable containerd

安装 Kubernetes 组件

# 添加Kubernetes源
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF

# 安装Kubeadm, Kubelet和Kubectl
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 启动Kubelet
sudo systemctl enable kubelet
sudo systemctl start kubelet

Windows 节点配置

启用 Hyper-V 和 WSL2

# 以管理员身份运行PowerShell
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

# 下载并安装WSL2 Linux内核更新包
# https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi

# 设置WSL2为默认版本
wsl --set-default-version 2

# 安装Ubuntu 20.04 LTS from Microsoft Store

在 WSL2 中安装 Kubernetes 组件

# 在WSL2 Ubuntu中执行
# 重复Linux节点的配置步骤
# 注意：WSL2环境中kubelet可能需要特殊配置
echo "KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-ip=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')" | sudo tee /etc/default/kubelet

使用 Kuboard-Spray 部署集群

准备 Kuboard-Spray 环境

# 在Linux节点上执行
mkdir -p ~/kuboard-spray && cd ~/kuboard-spray
docker run -it --rm -v `pwd`:/data eipwork/kuboard-spray:latest-amd64 init

# 修改inventory.ini配置文件
vim inventory.ini

# 示例配置
[all]
master1 ansible_host=192.168.1.100 ip=192.168.1.100 etcd_member_name=etcd1
worker1 ansible_host=192.168.1.101 ip=192.168.1.101

[kube-master]
master1

[kube-worker]
worker1

[etcd]
master1

[k8s-cluster:children]
kube-master
kube-worker

配置镜像加速

# 修改group_vars/all.yml
vim group_vars/all.yml

# 添加以下内容
docker_registry_mirrors:
  - https://registry.docker-cn.com
  - https://hub-mirror.c.163.com
  - https://mirror.baidubce.com

image_repository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

执行部署

# 执行预检查
docker run -it --rm -v `pwd`:/data eipwork/kuboard-spray:latest-amd64 precheck

# 部署集群
docker run -it --rm -v `pwd`:/data eipwork/kuboard-spray:latest-amd64 apply

安装 Kuboard 界面

# 在部署完成后执行
kubectl apply -f https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3.yaml

# 查看Kuboard服务
kubectl get pods,svc -n kuboard

访问 Kuboard

# 查看NodePort
kubectl get svc kuboard -n kuboard

# 访问地址
# http://<节点IP>:<NodePort>
# admin/Kuboard123

# 如果遇到镜像拉取问题，可以手动拉取并标记：
# 示例：拉取kube-apiserver
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.27.4
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.27.4 registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.27.4

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